http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/hillarys-war-how-conviction-replaced-skepticism-in-libya-intervention/2011/10/28/gIQAhGS7WM_print.html
Apart from the specific subject matter, this article is chock-full of terms we have identified in class - pragmatism & intervention, and soon-to-be identified - NATO& alliance, the article speaks to the achievements of the current Secretary of State. What acts did she successfully orchestrate? In answering this overall rhetorical question, respond to the following -
- Why were American officials apprehensive at first to get involved?
- What are three things Secretary Clinton did before active combat began?
- How did Secretary Clinton create the American policy on Libya? (Remember, the president is typically the person who creates policy)
- What was the specific conflict our European allies (Italy, France, Turkey) had regarding command structure?
- What did she do to save both the European & Middle Eastern alliances?
- What did she do when it appeared the rebels were going to "lose?"
1. American officials were apprehensive to first get involved because we didn’t really want to lead another military campaign into another Muslim country, and thought a “no-fly zone” would only make things worse.
ReplyDelete2. Clinton made a list of conditions that had to be met for intervention to take place which included a request from the Arab League for a no fly zone. She met with foreign ministers from the Group of 8 countries. She also made sure that Russia and China wouldn’t veto the intervention.
3. President Obama was listening to a sharply divided cabinet, so when Secretary Clinton rang him up to tell him what was going on from the center of where the negotiations were happening, Clinton was able to persuade him to her side which ended up with him allowing her to make the decisions.
4. Countries like Turkey and Italy thought that command of the operation should rest with NATO. However France wanted a command structure distinct from NATO that would include some Arab countries but would not include some countries that opposed intervention like Germany.
5. Clinton basically talked these people into staying together as a strong alliance, and convincing them to continue to support the cause while making statements like “this is important to the United States, it’s important to the president, and it’s important to me personally.”
6. Clinton convinced Obama to give the rebels full diplomatic recognition, and pressed 30 other nations to do the same. Diplomatic recognition would allow the rebels access to billions of dollars in Gaddafi’s frozen accounts.
1) Officials didn't want to get involved in Libya because they didn't want to lead another risky military campaign in another Muslim country.
ReplyDelete2) Clinton required that the Arab League had to ask for our assistance before we would even consider the no-fly zone. She also met with ministers from the Group of Eight countries, as well as with the Russian Minister to make sure he wouldn't veto the intervention and bring the whole plan to ruin.
3) Clinton informed the President that she had become a strong advocate for U.S. intervention, and since his Cabinet was divided, he sided with his Secretary of State, effectively giving her the power to make our policy towards Libya.
4) The French wanted to create their own alliance from NATO members who wanted intervention and with some other Arab countries, while Italy and Turkey wanted to keep the NATO alliance in command of the intervention.
5) She made phone calls and convinced the European powers that keeping the command through NATO was for the best, and eventually convinced the Arab countries to provide planes and pilots to help in the raids over Libya.
6) She convinced the President to give the rebels full diplomatic recognition, which allowed them to access Gaddafi's overseas bank accounts, giving them all the money and supplies they needed to defeat the remaining loyalists to Gaddafi.
1) America is already involved in many foreign affairs and did not want to start a invasion of yet another Muslim country.
ReplyDelete2)Secretary Clinton wanted the Arab League to ask the U.S for permission to become involved in the "no fly zone" she also met with the 8 countries prime ministers including the Russian Minister to sought out that the whole plan would be pushed away and forgotten.
3)Since our Presidential Cabinet is so divided, the president decided to trust the Secretary with the dissensions on Libya.
4)Most of the countries wanted NATO should make the dissensions but France thought it would be better if the Arab countries to make their own intervention.
5)Secretary Clinton pleaded with them and said that the best thing we could do is let NATO be the one on command, and she also asked middle eastern countries to provide planes for NATO.
6)She asked the President to give the Libyan rebels Gaddafi's money so that they were able to get all of the help they needed to fight off all o the loyalists of Gaddafi that remained in that aria.
1. The article stated that Washington was not eager to lead political risky military campaign against another Muslim country, skepticism also came with the idea of a no fly zone, some officials were said to have opposed any military intervention.
ReplyDelete2. Clinton drew up a formal request by Arab States for intervention first. Following that, she went to Paris and met with foreign ministers from the group of eight countries. Here, she met with Mahmoud Jibril, Persian Gulf diplomats, and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. She also effectively made sure that both Russia and China would withhold their vetoes.
3. When Clinton spoke to Obama on the phone to inform him on how the meetings went, she had become a strong advocate for US intervention, by doing so Obama sided with her due to the fact that the Cabinet was sharply divided on this issue.
4. France had wanted a command structure different from just NATO, they wanted to include some Arab countries and would exclude Germany and other opponents of intervention by doing so. Italy and Turkey wanted complete NATO control and refused any other arrangement.
5. Clinton focused on damage control, she spent several hours on the phone with these Berlusconi and the Italian Foreign Minister, who would help in providing air bases for grounds for attacks. The Arabs also appeared to be backing away, she made an effort to bring them back to the alliance by making phone calls with Qatari's Foreign Minister, UAE’s Sheik Abdullah bin Zayed al-Nahyan and Jordan’s King Abdullah II.
6. Clinton pushed Obama as well as 30 other Western & Arab governments to give full diplomatic recognition to the rebels, this allowed Libyans to access money from Gaddafi's frozen accounts, they now had what they needed to succeed.
The reason for American officials being so apprehensive at first about getting involved in Libya was that they did not want to lead another politically risky military campaign against another Muslim country. Also the rebels wanted them to institute a no-fly zone which American officials thought would only make matters worse because of its “symbolism”. Before the U.S. and the UN went into active combat Clinton first asked Arab states for intervention in the matter by voting to ask for U.N. approval of a military no-fly zone over Libya. Clinton then traveled to Paris to meet with eight countries to get Arab backing for the no-fly zone and to convince Russia from not vetoing which would block any intervention effort at the United Nations. Following the meetings, Clinton spoke to Obama to brief him on the meetings. Clinton told Obama that she had become a “strong advocate” U.S. intervention and since his cabinet had been divided on the issue in Libya, Obama sided with Clinton in U.S. intervention which shows that Clinton created the policy on Libya. However, France had a problem with the command structure for dealing with Libya and thought that there should be a distinct command structure from NATO which would include some Arab countries and exclude the opponents of intervention. Italy and Turkey wanted NATO control and threatened to boycott any other arrangement. Clinton ended up having to save both the European and Middle Eastern alliances by making repeated phone calls to the countries to keep them together while also saying “This is important to the United States, it’s important to the president, and it’s important to me personally.” When it seemed that the rebels were on the verge of folding, Clinton didn’t give up and convinced Obama to grant full diplomatic recognition to the rebels which gave Libyans access to billions of dollars which helped them turn the tide of the war
ReplyDelete1. American officials did not want to get involved because they did not want to lead a military campaign into a brand new Muslim country.
ReplyDelete2. Secretary Clinton required the Arab League to ask for our help before implementing a “no-fly” zone. She also met with the Russian Minister, as well as ministers from the Group of Eight Countries to make sure they would not veto the intervention and bring the plan to its demise.
3. Because of the divided cabinet, President Obama sided with the Secretary of State, giving her the power to change our policy toward Libya.
4. Even though France wanted a different command structure than NATO, Turkey and Italy wanted a structure just like NATO. France wanted certain countries, such as Germany, not included because they opposed intervention.
5. Secretary Clinton convinced Europe that the best plan of action was to keep a strong alliance through NATO, and also convinced Arab countries to supply plains to help in the raids in Libya.
6. She convinced President Obama to give rebels full diplomatic recognition, which allowed them to access and use the billions of dollars in Gaddafi’s bank accounts that were otherwise untouched. Using this money, they could get rid of the remaining Gaddafi followers.
1. The American officials were at first scared to get involved in foreign affairs because some official’s opposed military intervention and then others were skeptic about the idea of a "no fly zone".
ReplyDelete2. First Clinton drew up a list of conditions that included a formal request by Arab states for intervention. Then she went and had a meeting with foreign ministers from a group of eight countries. Third she made sure to meet with counterparts to line up votes and to ensure that both Russia and China would withhold their vetoes.
3. Well Obama was already dealing with a divided cabinet and so when Clinton called and she told him about the meetings and he ended up siding with her.
4. France had floated the idea of a command structure distinct from NATO that would include some Arab countries while excluding Germany and other opponents of intervention. Italy and Turkey, meanwhile, insisted on NATO control and threatened to boycott any other arrangement.
5. Clinton got on the phone with them and basically begged them saying that the best option was to let NATO take control. Then she also convinced them to provide military aircraft and experienced pilots.
6. Clinton convinced Obama to grant full diplomatic recognition to the rebels, a move that allowed the Libyans access to billions of dollars from Gaddafi’s frozen accounts. Then she pressed thirty other western and Arab governments to do the same as well.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete1) American officials were apprehensive of getting involved because they were worried about militarily intervening in yet another Muslim country. Clinton also did not advocate a no-fly zone; she thought it would cause more problems than it would solve the current ones.
ReplyDelete2) Clinton did take precautionary steps before combat began; she composed a formal supplication that led to a UN-approved no-fly zone over Libya. At a quasi-summit in Paris, Clinton met with leaders from Group of 8 countries, such as Russia and Persian Gulf leaders, to discuss solutions for the conflict in Libya. When the UN wanted to pass a resolution to allow military intervention, Clinton tirelessly worked the phones to ensure that Russia and China would not veto the resolution.
3) The Cabinet was divided in their views of how the policy should be handled, and thus the President did not know which "side" to take. Thus when Secretary of State Clinton - the Cabinet position that deals most directly and comprehensively with foreign affairs - informed the President that she strongly believed that America should intervene, he followed her advice and created the policy.
4) France, who saw NATO as too divided and ill-prepared to properly and swiftly help the rebels, wanted to establish a command structure independent of NATO that would include certain Arab countries but exclude those countries who opposed intervention, such as Germany. Italy and Turkey, however, asserted that NATO should have control of the arrangement; they believed that France had hidden agendas in the new structure. They also made it clear that they would boycott any other command structure.
5) Clinton acted as a mediator among the tumultuous relations, bargaining with Italian, French, British, and several Arab states to ensure that the alliances would remain intact.
6) When it appeared that the rebels were going to "lose," Clinton persuaded the President to grant "full diplomatic recognition" to the rebels so that they would have access to the funds they desperately so lacked. She also petitioned 30 other countries to do likewise and grant the rebels recognition.
American officials were so apprehensive of getting involved because we are already involved with many Muslim countries and don't need to be involved with yet another. They were also skeptic about the "no-fly zone" and were unsure that it would work. 2) Secretary Clinton drew up a list of conditions that included a formal request by Arab states for intervention. She then traveled to Paris to meet with eight countries to get Arab backing for the no-fly zone and to convince Russia from not vetoing it which would block any intervention effort at the United Nations. While there she met with Mahmoud Jibril, Persian Gulf diplomats, and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. Clinton also made sure that Russia and China wouldn’t veto the intervention and ruin the whole plan. 3) President Obama was stuck in the middle of a divided cabinet, so when Clinton told him what was happening in center of the negotiations, she was able to convince him to what she thought was the right move. Thus she came up with the plan he just agreed with it. 4) France wanted a command structure distinct from NATO that would include some Arab countries but would not include some countries that opposed intervention like Germany. While other countries like Turkey and Italy thought that command should lie with NATO. 5) Clinton mainly focused on damage control, spending hours on the phone and in person with Berlusconi and Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini. She was able to convince the European nations into keeping the command with NATO. 6) Clinton convinced President Obama and 30 other Western and Arab governments to grant full diplomatic recognition to the rebels. This move would allow Libyans access to billions of dollars from Gaddafi’s frozen accounts, thus allowing them to attain the food and other supplies they needed.
ReplyDelete1. Americans did not want to enter another Muslim country militarily.
ReplyDelete2. Implemented the no fly zone. Me t with other officials to discuss what should be done with Libya. Made sure Russia and China would not veto the resolution.
3. The cabonent was split and Obama sided with his Sec of State Clinton.
4. Turkey and Italy wanted authority to reside with NATO while France wanted Arab countries also include in the decision.
5. Clinton told these countries they should stay and create a strong alliance because it is important to the US and to her personally.
6. She told Obama and other nations to give them diplomatic recognition in order for the rebels gain access to billions of dollars from Gaddaffi.
1)The United States military did not want another conflict in another Muslim country.
ReplyDelete2)Clinton wanted the Arab Nation had to ask for assistance before we would okay the no-fly zone. She met with a Group of Eight Countries and also with the Russian minister so he would not veto the intervention.
3)Because the cabinet was divided, the President gave the power to create the policy to the Secretary of State.
4)France wanted Arab countries to be included because they felt that NATO was too divided, while Italy and Turkey believed that NATO should have control over the arrangement.
5)Clinton was a mediator between Italy, France, Britian, and various Arab nations making sure that alliances would stay in order.
6)She convinced the President to grant the rebels with diplomatic recognition which allowed them to gain access to billions of dollars from Gaddaffi's frozen accounts.
1) The US was reluctant to get involved because it did not want to lead a military campaign against another Middle Eastern country.
ReplyDelete2) Clinton drew up a list of conditions that included a formal request by Arab states for intervention, then Clinton went to Paris for a meeting with foreign ministers from the Group of Eight countries and met privately with Persian Gulf diplomats to gauge Arab willingness to send warplanes to enforce a possible no-fly zone.
3) Clinton spoke with Obama by phone to brief him on the meetings. She had become an advocate for U.S. intervention. The president, who had been weighing arguments from a divided Cabinet for several days, sided with Clinton.
4) Turkey, France, and Italy insisted on NATO control and threatened to boycott any other arrangement.
5)Clinton spent several hours on the phone with them, asking them to stay together, saying "This is important to the United States, it’s important to the president, and it’s important to me personally."
6) Clinton told Obama to give them diplomatic recognition, and told other nations to do the same, because recognition would allow them to receive funds from Ghadaffi's frozen accounts.
1.US military officials didn't want to have another conflict in another Muslim nation.
ReplyDelete2.Enacted a no fly zone, Met with the "Group of Eight" officials in Paris to discuss conditions on how to deal with the conflict, Made sure Russian and Chinese affairs would not effect the final vote.
3.President Obama heard arguments from a split cabinet, also from briefings with Clinton via phone, she stressed the need for intervention, The President finally sided with Clinton and the policy was made.
4.France wanted military decisions to involve Arab countries more then NATO leaders, While Turkey and Italy threatened to boycott any other arrangement.
5.Clinton spent hours on the phone and in person saying that this is the best source of action in terms of military leadership, also that it was important to the US and to her as well.
6.Clinton ignored the State department's Lawyers and advised Obama to give diplomatic recognition to the rebels which allowed the people the access Billions of Gaddaffi frozen funds.
1.American officials were apprehensive to get involved because they didn’t want to get involved in another foreign affair in another Muslim country. They also felt that a no fly zone was a bad idea.
ReplyDelete2.Clinton made a list of conditions that needed to be signed by Arab states before the U.S. would intervene. She met with foreign ministers from the Group of Eight countries. Made sure that Russia and China wouldn’t veto.
3.Obama’s Cabinet was very divide on the issue and Clinton was in charge of this affair so Obama went with her policy on the matter effectively making it her decision.
4.Italy and turkey wanted NATO to be in control, while France wanted a command structure distinct from NATO that would involve some Arab countries and exclude countries like Germany that were against intervention.
5.Clinton convinced the European powers that NATO should be in charge and persuaded multiple Arab nations to follow through with their promises and provide air support over Libya.
6.Clinton convinced Obama to grant the rebels full diplomatic recognition allowing them access to Gaddfi’s frozen bank accounts which allowed them to acquire much needed resources.